Summary
I was stuck with a systemd issue today, so I went to Github to raise the issue, but they said the version was too old, and asked me to upgrade the version first, so I decided to upgrade systemd in order to prove that it was.
2020-11-02
Reluctantly, I started over again and eventually managed to upgrade to the current latest version of 246! the following steps are available. Just in case anything else came up, I reinstalled a minimized installation of CentOS 7 and updated the kernel to the latest 5.9.1, and then the rest of the story is documented below.
If you’d like to update the kernel, I’ve also documented another article：Upgrading CentOS Kernel
2019-11-21
Note: This is a record of a failed upgrade article, I tried to upgrade the latest Systemd in CentOS 7.6 and it failed because I couldn’t upgrade the system’s glibc to 2.34, thus making it impossible to continue！
Download Code
You can download it directly from the Release page：
I downloaded the V246 version.
Environmental pretreatment
Since there are some compilation tools that need to be installed later, and then you may need a 3.5 or higher version of Python, if you don’t have one installed on your system, you can follow my other piece of guidance to install one first：
And then other software will be installed as well：
[[email protected]]# yum install http://repo.okay.com.mx/centos/7/x86_64/release/okay-release-1-1.noarch.rpm
[[email protected]]# yum groupinstall -y 'Development Tools'
[[email protected]]# pip3 install meson
[[email protected]]# yum install -y libcap-devel libmount-devel ninja-build
[[email protected]]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gperf/gperf-3.1.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# tar zxf gperf-3.1.tar.gz && cd gperf-3.1 && ./configure && make && make install
[[email protected]]# wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.18.4/cmake-3.18.4-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# tar zxf cmake-3.18.4-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# export PATH=$PATH:`pwd`/cmake-3.18.4-Linux-x86_64/bin
[[email protected]]# wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/v2.30/util-linux-2.30.2.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# tar zxf util-linux-2.30.2.tar.gz && cd util-linux-2.30.2 && ./configure --disable-all-programs --enable-mount --enable-libmount \
--enable-libblkid --enable-libuuid && make && make install
Compile
[[email protected]]# wget https://github.com/systemd/systemd/archive/v246.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# tar zxf v246.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# cd systemd-246/
[[email protected]]# ./configure && make && make install
Test
At this point if there are no errors, it’s considered a success, so next verify that it’s working properly：
[[email protected]]# reboot # Here's a restart for the insurance period.
[[email protected]]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 5.9.3-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 #1 SMP Sat Oct 31 09:41:18 EDT 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[[email protected]]# systemctl --version
systemd 246 (246)
-PAM -AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP -LIBCRYPTSETUP -GCRYPT -GNUTLS -ACL -XZ -LZ4 -ZSTD -SECCOMP +BLKID -ELFUTILS -KMOD -IDN2 -IDN -PCRE2 default-hierarchy=unified
OK, Without a doubt, the upgrade was successful.
Problems experienced
1. ./configure: line 21: exec: meson: not found
It looks like there’s a build tool that’s not installed, so install one, because meson relies on Python3, so unfortunately I’ll have to install Python3 first, but luckily I have a tutorial：Install python3.8 in CentOS，It’ll be easy once you’re done：
[[email protected]]# pip3 install meson
2. Program(s) [‘gperf’] not found or not executable
Looks like a lack of tools again：
[[email protected]]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gperf/gperf-3.1.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# tar zxf gperf-3.1.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# cd gperf-3.1
[[email protected]]# ./configure
[[email protected]]# make && make install
3. Upgrade Make
[[email protected]]# cd /tmp
[[email protected]]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.1.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# tar xvf make-4.1.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# cd make-4.1/
[[email protected]]# ./configure
[[email protected]]# make
[[email protected]]# sudo make install
[[email protected]]# cp /usr/bin/make /usr/bin/make3
[[email protected]]# cp /usr/local/bin/make /usr/bin/make
[[email protected]]# make -v
4. Upgrade glibc
[[email protected]]# wget wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.28.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# tar zxf glibc-2.28.tar.gz
[[email protected]]# cd glibc-2.28
[[email protected]]# mkdir build
[[email protected]]# cd build
[[email protected]]# ../configure --prefix=/opt/glibc-2.28 --disable-profile --enable-add-ons --with-headers=/usr/include --with-binutils=/usr/bin
[[email protected]]# make
[[email protected]]# make install
[[email protected]]# ldd --version
ldd (GNU libc) 2.28
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
This one had some problems at the end：
/root/systemd/glibc-2.28/build/elf/ldconfig: Warning: ignoring configuration file that cannot be opened: /opt/glibc-2.28/etc/ld.so.conf: No such file or directory
Solution is：
cp /etc/ld.so.c* /opt/glibc-2.28/etc/
!!! Hint, what if the upgrade falls apart?？
That command saved me.：
[[email protected]]# ldconfig
5. /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lnss_test2
Problems with the install：
... ...
LD_SO=ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 CC="gcc -B/usr/bin/" /usr/bin/perl scripts/test-installation.pl /root/systemd/glibc-2.28/build/
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lnss_test2
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
... ...
It can be ignored.
Problem encountered: POSIX caps headers not found
View the dependent packages with yum provides, then install it：
[[email protected]]# yum provides '*sys/capability.h'
libcap-devel-2.22-11.el7.x86_64 : Development files for libcap
Repo : @base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/include/sys/capability.h
[[email protected]]# yum install -y libcap-devel
6. Dependency “mount” not found, tried pkgconfig and cmake
Direct compilation and installation of util-linux solutions.